Ninety morphotypes were identified and further classified into 26 cultivar groups based on their morphological. Its main applications are for regulating menstruation and for alleviating discharge. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about dioscorea species, elephant foot, wild yam dioscorea sylvatica supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database at daves ga. Dioscorea cayenensis, one of the cultivated tropical species of dioscorea, is an important staple in africa, with 2500 cultivars developed.
The genus dioscorea includes about 350800 species distributed largely in the tropics, but also in warm and temperate regions. These discoveries became possible as a result of the scientific development of isolation, structure elucidation, and the development of in vitro bioassays. Tissue culture and seed propagation are used as a research tool and to produce disease free cultivars prota, 2017. Species in this genus are dioecious, twining, and herbaceous to woody vines with single or clustered large tubers, some of which are edible and are known as yams acevedorodriguez, 2005. Dioscorea rotundata is sometimes treated as a subspecies, and sometimes also as a separate species. Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus dioscorea family. It is closely related to air potato dioscorea bulbifera.
And if you find any other sources for edible bulbiferas, please dont hesitate to add them. Personal observations made in the zone from guinea to northern cameroon, however, long ago convinced the authors that rural. The common name for the genus, yams, will be used when discussing information applicable to 2 or more of the above species. Pdf response of yellow yam dioscorea cayenensis to shoot. Dioscorea cayennensis is an evergreen perennial climber growing to 10 m 32ft by 0. Please note that this is a trial program and may end.
Presently, these species are threatened by genetic erosion due to many factors such as pest attacks and farming practices. Genetic diversity assessment of yams dioscorea spp. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf ploidy level studies on the dioscorea cayenensisdioscorea rotundata complex core set article pdf available in euphytica 1693. This study tested the effects of melatonin on shoot tips of d. Developmental morphology of seedlings of dioscorea. Article information, pdf download for domestication of yams dioscorea. Dioscorea in kew science plants of the world online. Dioscorea alata ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. Ngerian traditional food systems and nutrition security.
Despite a long history of cultivation, the understanding of d. Dna was extracted from a bulk of two plants per accession using a modified cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide ctab method. Fresh dioscorea cayenensis tubers obtained from bodija market were prepared into raw sample and local delicacies and analysed for proximate. Transcriptome analysis reveals key pathways and hormone. It was brought to the americas from africa during the slave trade. Resistance of dried chips of yam dioscorea cayenensisd. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. The plant list includes 1,192 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus dioscorea. Presentday cultivar diversity and farmers perception on their tolerance to tuber dry rot. Dioscorea batatas is a perennial growing to 3 m 9ft by 1. Dioscorea villosa, commonly called wild yam, colic root, aluka, china root devils bones, mexican wild yam and rheumatism root, is a species of a twining tuberous vine that is native to eastern north america. Plants profile for dioscorea cayenensis yellow guinea yam. Physicochemical and functional properties of starch from.
Dioscorea cayennensis is a species of yam in the genus dioscorea that is a widely consumed west african domesticated crop. Foragingfarming transitions at the niah caves, sarawak, borneo pdf. Many cultivars of the african dioscorea cayenemis d. In parallel, complex taxonomic boundaries in this genus makes it more challenging to properly address the genetic diversity of yam and manage its germplasm. Crop science abstract plant genetic resources genetic diversity in yam germplasm from ethiopia and their relatedness to the main cultivated dioscorea species assessed by aflp markers. Read in vitro induction of minitubers in yam dioscorea cayenensis d. Evaluation of yam cultivars for seed yam production, using the minisett technique. Categories vegetables tags dioscorea cayenensis, dioscorea rotundata, dioscorea trifida, how to cook yams, how to eat yams, yams, yams benefits, yams blood cholesterol, yams calories, yams for constipation, yams glycemic index, yams hypertension, yams metabolism, yams minerals, yams nutrition table, yams toxicity, yams vitamins 2 comments. Chemical compositions and enzyme activity changes occurring. Fifteen cultivars were tetraploids, five were hexaploids, and two were octoploids. Three different ploidy levels 4x,6x, 8x were detected within the samples analysed. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, a a ngwuta and others published response of yellow. Also cultivated in east africa, particularly in uganda, are the two cultivar yams, the yellow guinea yam, d.
Crop science abstract plant genetic resources genetic. The plant list includes a further 316 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus dioscorea. The dioscorea cayenensis dioscorea rotundata species complex is the most widely cultivated yam in west africa. Characterization of physicochemical and functional properties. Nine yam cultivars were evaluated over three seasons for their capacity to yield saleable seed yams 200 g from 25g yam pieces called minisetts.
It is a commercially cultivated for its roots that have a rough outer skin and pale yellow flesh. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Effect of pretreatments on color, functional and pasting. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about yellow guinea yam dioscorea cayennensis supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database at daves garden. The ploidy levels of the twentytwo yam dioscorea cayenensis d. Nutrient and antinutrient composition of yellow yam dioscorea. White yams at a retail market in brixton, england, 2004.
The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 239946 with. Molecular marker based taxonomy and phylogeny of guinea. The addition of activated charcoal ac had a positive effect on the growth of. General information dioscorea luzonensis is a perennial climbing plant, producing annual stems from a tuberous rootstock that scramble over the ground or twine around other plants for support. Moisture represented the largest single constituent of yam tubers, and on average, ranged from 69. Dioscorea cayenensis in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Experiments were conducted to assess the potential of two gibberellin inhibitors, uniconazolep and prohexadionecalcium, to induce sprouting in tubers from three varieties of d. Chemical composition and quality changes occurring in. Other articles where yellow guinea yam is discussed. In vitro preservation of yam dioscorea cayenensis d. Kokoro is one of its most important cultivars it is sometimes treated as separate species from dioscorea cayennensis its wild progenitor is dioscorea praehensilis. The physicochemical and functional properties of the yam and cocoyam tuber starches show that they can be used for.
General information yellow yam is a climbing perennial plant, producing annual stems 10 12 metres from a tuberous rootstock332. Dioscorea cayenensis in the germplasm resources information network grin. Viruses are pervasive in yam worldwide, decreasing growth and yield, as well as hindering the international movement of germplasm. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Uptake and distribution of nutrients by yams dioscorea spp. Badnaviruses have been reported to be the most prevalent in yam, and genomes of some other badnaviruses are known to be integrated in their host plant species. Lost crops of africa series this is the first in a series of books highlighting the promise to be found in food plants native to africa. Dioscorea the starchy edible tuber is of ample economic and nutritional importance in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world sharma and bastakoti, 2009. D, cayenensis at the mayaguez institute of tropical agriculture. Please view the pdf by using the full text pdf link under view to the left. The domestication of yams dioscorea cayenensis rotundata is still an active process in west africa, but so far no specific research has been conducted to collect the knowledge held by traditional societies in which the yam is an important part of civilization. This species complex has been described as deriving from wild yams belonging to the enanthiophyllum section through domestication by african farmers.
Yam is the common name applied to plants of about 500 species of the genus dioscorea of the dioscoreaceae family. Access is allocated within two business days of purchase and lasts one year. Air potato dioscorea bulbifera 2 distribution native to tropical asia and subsaharan africa, air potato was spread by ancient polynesians throughout much of the south pacific where it is now considered invasive. The genetic diversity and relationships of 70 accessions of yam belonging to dioscorea cayenensis dioscorea rotundata complex 55, dioscorea bulbifera and dioscorea alata 2, as a reference were assessed using six inter simple sequence repeat issr primers.
Dioscorea rotundata white guinea yam dioscorea cayennensis. Studies on yam domestication and farmers practices in. Dioscorea sansibarensis pax section macroura, zanzibar yam. Dioscorea species, elephant foot, wild yam dioscorea sylvatica. Qianjin zhidai wan is a wellknown product used in china to tonify and warm the kidney and spleen while clearing heat and restraining leakage. The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. Effect of extracts from yam dioscorea cayenensis and dasheen colocassia esculenta on the kidney of streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Dioscorea alata, also known as purple yam, ube, or greater yam, among many other names. Download free adobe acrobat reader dc software for your windows, mac os and android devices to view, print, and comment on pdf documents. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Covered with large leaves, it can quickly grow into the tops of tall trees. Evaluation of yam cultivars for seed yam production, using. Using ipgris descriptors, 560 accessions of cultivated yams d. Department of biological sciences, nasarawa state university,p. Research article antibacterial activities and phytochemical. Evolution and phylogenetic diversity of yam species. Tubers of 12 wild dioscorea species available in odisha have sound nutritional values, but have low palatability due to their bitterness kumar et al. In general, samples stored at low temperature 4c showed a relatively higher amount of water, with values of 76. Rapid drops in moisture contents were observed for all the samples after harvest. Dioscorea in world checklist of selected plant families. Yam mosaic, a new potyvirws infecting dioscorea cayenensis in the ivory coast by j. In the philippines, the purple ube species of yam dioscorea alata, is eaten as a. The domestication of yams dioscorea cayenensisrotundata is still an active. It can survive in a number of different habitats and environmental conditions, but is most commonly found at the edges of rich, mesic bottomland forests, along stream banks and drainageways and near fencerows.
Improving micropropagation of dioscorea cayenensisdioscorea. The starches extracted from the tuber of some wild yam species d, praehensilis, d hirtiflora. The following databases may contain further information on this name. Uptake and distribution of nutrients by yams dioscorea. Domestication of yams dioscorea cayenensisrotundata within. Please click on any button to follow a link to that database. A better knowledge of traditional cultivars is a prerequisite to overcoming the various constraints of yam production in benin. The wild yam tubers consumed by the tribes kanikkars palliyars of south eastern slopes of western ghats, tamil nadu dioscorea alata, d. Medicinal none known other uses none known propagation seed rarely produced, they are not normally used to propagate this species. Yellow guinea yam dioscorea cayennensis daves garden. A summary of the chemical compositions of different yam cultivars available for this study is presented in table 1. Dioscorea cayennensis yellow yam, yellow guinea yam pfaf. Technical sheet of some wild yam dioscorea species starch functional properties sahore drogba alexis1, amani nguessan georges2 1. Show all show tabs yellow guinea yam general information.
Technical sheet of some wild yam dioscorea species starch. Yam mosaic, a new potyvirus infecting dioscorea cayenensis. Characterization of the yam tuber storage proteins from. It is found in central africa and introduced to brazil and the caribbean, growing in a clayish soil with organic matter, receiving plenty of water and some to lots of sun. Dioscorea bulbifera is widely distributed in asia and africa in the wild state with a vigorously twining. Dioscorea praehensilis yam ji okpuru, emhi boiled dioscorea dumentorium three leafed yam ona,uno, otsino boiled dioscorea cayenensis yellow yam ji oku, ochiokpo boiled, roasted pounded dioscorea bulbifera aerial yam adu, aduinu boiled dioscorea alata water yam ji abana, ji mvula boiled, pounded cocoindia, boiled and pounded with cassava. The cultivar group ekoto showed a high level of ploidy. Yellow yam or yellow guinea yam dioscorea cayenensis is a spiny vine that can be 10 12 m long. International journal of chemical engineering and applications, vol. Domestication of yams dioscorea cayenensisrotundata. The effects of blanching, sulfiting and cooking pretreatments on color, functional and pasting characteristics of flours of dioscorea rotundata abuja, amula, gbangi and dioscorea cayenensis. The cryopreservation of yam is constrained with many challenges. Pdf effect of extracts from yam dioscorea cayenensis and. Greenwich academic literature archive the prevalence of.
Winged yam dioscorea alata is another nonnative, invasive vine in florida. A reliable means to induce sprouting in dormant seed tubers of yams dioscorea species is required to enhance flexibility in planting date and rate of propagation of the crop. Telechargement dadobe acrobat reader dc lecteur pdf gratuit. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with nondiscrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. To study patterns of yam evolution and to establish phylogenetic relationships existing between wild and cultivated species. Molecular marker based taxonomy and phylogeny of guinea yam dioscorea rotundata d.
Dioscorea oppositifolia is a fast growing twining vine that has escaped from cultivation. Storage rot of some yams dioscorea spp in keffi and environs, nasarawa state, nigeria. Yam is an important staple crop, which is basically made up of carbohydrates but also constitutes an important source of proteins accounting for % of the fresh tubers. Yellow yam dioscorea cayenensis important information. Martin, plant geneticist, mayaguez institute of tropical agri culture, agricultural research service, u. Shoot tips were encapsulated in beads loaded with 0. Yam is a staple food crop in west africa within the yam zone miege 1954, coursey 1965, 1967, as also in the cadbean, a part of southeast asia and the pacific islands. Chinese yam dioscorea opposita is an important tuberous crop used for both food and medicine. Use of cpssrs for the characterisation of yam phylogeny in. Over 80% of the protein represents the storage protein. This paper combines the results of surveys carried out between 1995 and 2001 in benin and nigeria on farmers practices in connection with the domestication of yams dioscorea rotundata, which is.
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