In condensation polymerization, monomers combine removing water to form polymers. Polymers products that are commonly referred to as plastics by the general public are known to chemists as polymers. In addition polymerization, two or more molecules of monomers attach together to form a polymer. Addition polymerization the key feature of addition polymerization is that monomers add to one another in such a way that the polymeric product contains all the atoms of the starting monomers. Is the synthesis of nylon 66 an addition polymerization or is it a condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization is the process of adding monomer units so that the resulting chain is a perfect sum of all the atoms in the monomers. The addition polymers are formed by the repeated addition of monomer molecules possessing double or triple bonds, e. Is the synthesis of nylon 66 a chaingrowth polymerization or is it a stepgrowth polymerization. Addition polymerization major reference works wiley. The monomers used in addition polymerisation are alkenes or derivatives of alkenes.
Other forms of chain growth polymerization include cationic addition polymerization and anionic addition polymerization. As the name suggests addition polymers form when an addition reaction occurs. The remaining 22 chapters are concerned with new and better polymers designed for a specific end use or physical property. Polyamides such as nylon are also condensation polymers. A polymer is a macromolecule which consists of small molecular units that are repeated over and over again to form a long chain. Bakelund performed this synthesis at the beginning of the twentieth century, producing the first synthetic polymer. This summing distinguishes addition polymerization from condensation polymerization in which small molecules are eliminated as the monomers are assembled in polymers. Condensation polymers are formed by the removal of water or alcohols during polymerization and the final molecular weight of the polymer is controlled by the equilibrium concentration of water or alcohols in the molten polymer at the end of the polymerization.
The most significant difference is that in addition polymers there is no loss of atom. Monomer must have at least two similar or different functional groups. Objectives polymers national council of educational. Again, the only difference is that both the amine and the acid monomer units each have two functional groups one on each end of the molecule. Polyacrylonitrile is used as a substitute for wool in making commercial fibres as orlon or acrilan. Condensation polymerization definition, see under polymerization def 2. Combining macromolecular kinet ics with reactor and process design has led to a new concept called reac tion engineering. Nov 01, 2017 how to work out the polymer that a monomer will form, and which monomers were used to make an addition or condensation polymer.
Chaingrowth polymerizations require the presence of an initiating molecule that can be used to attach a monomer molecule at the beginning of the polymerization. The main alternative forms of polymerization are chain polymerization and polyaddition, both of which give addition polymers. Condensation polymerization in condensation polymerization, a small portion of the monomer molecule is not incorporated in the final polymer. Difference between addition polymerisation and condensation. Addition and condensation polymerization processes. The two major types of polymerization are addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. In commercial addition and condensation polymerization processes reactor design is an important factor for the quality and economics of the polymer.
Addition polymerization an overview sciencedirect topics. Condensation polymer an overview sciencedirect topics. Classification based on source, on structure, on mode of polymerisation, on molecular forces. Condensation polymerization definition of condensation. Depending on the author, addition polymerization is now called chain, chaingrowth, or chainreaction polymerization.
The monomers are held together by a certain kind of bond such as an amide bond and a molecule is eliminatedin the process such as a water molecule. Condensation polymers arise through an apparent addition process when. Learn about polymers learn about condensation and addition polymerization reactions the two main types of polymerization reactions synthesize nylon synthesize slime. Notice that the presence of a double bond in the resulting polymer provides the opportunity for a polymer with either cis double bonds or trans double bonds or a mixture. In addition to this main difference, there are many more differences between these two polymerisation reactions. Addition polymerization is the addition of simple molecules monomers to form long chain molecules polymer. Condensation polymers form more slowly than addition polymers, often requiring heat, and they are generally lower in molecular weight. Small molecules react with each other to form larger structural units while releasing smaller molecules as a byproduct, such as water or methanol. The addition polymerisation of acrylonitrile in presence of a peroxide catalyst leads to the formation of polyacrylonitrile. A newer method of polymerization similar to free radical, but allowing more control involves the zieglernatta catalyst, especially with respect to polymer branching. The monomers for condensation polymerization have two main characteristics instead of double bonds, these monomers have functional groups like alcohol, amine, or carboxylic acid groups. In condensation polymerization, each step of the process is accompanied by the formation of a molecule of some simple compound, often water.
The rational design of a reaction system to produce a. Common examples of condensation polymers are nylon, dacron, and polyurethane. How to work out the polymer that a monomer will form, and which monomers were used to make an addition or condensation polymer. Addition polymerization is the process of repeated addition of monomers that posses double or triple bonds to form polymers. The polymers made by addition polymerisation from two different monomers are termed as copolymers, e.
In this lesson, we will manufacture nylon and see how the structure is related to its properties and. Nov 30, 2016 this is the main difference between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation. Polycondensation condensation polymerization fundamentals. Condensation is a reaction in which two small molecules react together to form a larger. Polymerization describes the formation of large molecules polymers with repeating structure from small molecules monomers. Crosslinked polymers are formed when long chains are linked in one gigantic, 3dimensional structure with tremendous rigidity. The main difference between addition and condensation polymerization is that in former the polymers are formed by the addition of monomers with no byproducts while in the latter polymers are formed due to the condensation of two different monomers resulting in the formation of byproducts. Monomer must have at least a double or triple bond. The repeating monomers form a linear or branch structure depending on the type of monomer.
These methods are usually employed for low molecular weight functional. There are two types of polymerization reactions, additional and condensation. There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them. Based on the chemical reaction involved, polymerisation is divided into two groups known as addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization results in homochain polymers whereas condensation polymerization results in hetrochain polymers. Sep 18, 2019 condensation polymers form more slowly than addition polymers, often requiring heat, and they are generally lower in molecular weight.
The key difference between addition polymerization and condensation polymerization is that for addition polymerization, monomer should be an unsaturated molecule whereas for condensation polymerization, monomers are saturated molecules. Condensation polymerization we have previously seen addition polymerization, where a double bond in a monomer is broken and used to form connect one monomer to another, progressively forming very long chain molecules. Condensation polymerization definition, see under polymerizationdef 2. A lesson on addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation with links made to the aqa chemistry specification throughout. The key feature of addition polymerization is that monomers add to one. View and download powerpoint presentations on addition polymerization ppt. The presence of polar functional groups on the chains. Again there are four types of addition polymerizations which are. Condensation polymerization s ramakrishnan s ramakrishnan is a professor in the department of inorganic and physical chemistry at the indian institute of science. It is a chain reaction and no byproduct is release.
Based on the chemical reaction involved, polymerisation is divided into two groups known as addition. Condensation polymerization is now referred to as stepgrowth or stepreaction polymerization. An important point to understand is, polymerizations can step growth or chain growth, and they can be condensation or addition. As the end product, addition polymerization produces high molecular weight polymers, and they are nonbiodegradable and difficult to recycle. Additional polymerization additional polymerization is a polymerization in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by addition reactions between molecules of any size.
Notice that the presence of a double bond in the resulting polymer provides the opportunity for a polymer with either cis double bonds or trans. Addition polymerization chemical reaction britannica. Comparatively, addition polymerization is a rapid process when condensation polymerization is rather a slow process. Under most common conditions a polymer is produced that is a mixture of both of the above reactions. Methods of polymerisation addition and condensation, copolymerisation, and some important polymers. Condensation polymerization materials world modules. This type of polymerisation generally involves a repetitive condensation reaction between two bifunctional monomers. Addition polymerizations usually are carried out in the presence of. A condensation polymerization is a form of stepgrowth polymerization. The second condensation polymerization you will carry out is a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde to produce a polymer known as bakelite see mechanism at the top of the next page. The terminal functional groups on a chain remain active, so that groups of shorter chains combine into longer chains in the late stages of polymerization.
However, the addition polymers formed by the polymerisation of a single monomeric species are known as. The formation of a polyamide follows the same procedure as in the synthesis of a simple amide. The addition polymerization means that two monomers react with each other and no other small molecules are generated. Polymerization reactions are divided into two groups known as step reactions also called condensation reactions and chain reactions also known as addition reactions. Condensation polymerization get full description along with. Condensation polymerization definition is polymerization in which a single molecule is eliminated distinguished from addition polymerization. In order to perform polycondensation it is necessary for each monomer molecule to comprise at least two functional groups able to react during the process. We have previously seen addition polymerization, where a double bond in a monomer is.
The polymerization of unsaturated monomers typically involves a chain growth polymerization. Addition polymerization condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization and condensation polymerization addition polymerization. Process improvements and polymerization kinetics process technology. One method is a type of chemical reaction called a condensation reaction. These 3 types of polymerization share 3 common steps.
Condensation polymerization on the other hand is a process in which the reaction takes place with a release of a byproduct like water, alcohol, etc. Addition polymerization is the successive addition of alkene monomers to one another. Difference between addition and condensation polymerization. The condensation polymerization, as a contrast, normally involves the generation of small molecule products. Normally, addition polymerization means that two monomers react with each other and no other small molecules are generaged. In addition polymerization, electrons from a doublebond are used to form bonds between other. Polymers are large molecules that have the same structural unit repeating over and over. During addition polymerization, the monomers rearrange themselves to form a new structure. Condensation polymerisation or step growth polymerisation. The freeradical polymerization of methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, and other polymer monomers can be accelerated by adding. Condensation polymerization is a reaction that joins two functional groups such as an alcohol and a carboxylic acid and forms a second small molecule such as water. Condensation polymerization is a form of stepgrowth polymerization.
But in condensation reaction, there is a loss of a molecule of water, ammonia etc as a byproduct. Apply their knowledge of polymerization reactions to the synthesis of nylon and slime. In addition polymerization, monomers react to form a polymer without the formation of byproducts. Difference between addition polymerization and condensation.
Linear polymers are produced from bifunctional monomers, i. All stepgrowth polymerizations may not necessarily condensation polymerization, while not all chain growth polymerizations are addition polymerization. In a condensation reaction, two molecules combine with the loss of a smaller molecule, usually water, an alcohol or an acid. Addition and condensation polymers can exist with a crosslinked. Process, features, type of polymers produced, examples. Addition polymerizations usually are carried out in the presence of catalysts, which in certain cases exert control over structural details that have important effects on the properties of the polymer.
The addition reaction may occur by way of radical, cationic, or anionic intermediates. There are a few ways that monomers combine to form the polymers of plastics. The monomers that are involved in condensation polymerization are not the same as those in addition polymerization. In any case, there are mainly two types of polymerization which are addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Learn about polymers learn about condensation and addition polymerization reactions the two main types of polymerization reactions synthesize nylon synthesize slime identify the monomers and polymer in. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about addition polymerization ppt. Polymerization usually occurs via different reaction mechanisms which are affected by factors like the functional groups of the reacting compounds and their nonbonding interactions. This can induce chain branching through the terminal double bond propagation reaction. Difference between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation nature of the monomer.
Step reactions require bifunctional or polyfunctional monomers, while chain reactions require the presence of an initiator. Addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization definition, see under polymerizationdef 2. Mar 24, 2017 this video provide you basic differfence between addition and condensation polymerisation. Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or threedimensional networks. His research group works towards exploring new strategies to develop polymers that can selfsegregate, fold, and organize into sub10 nm size microphase separated morphologies.
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